Method for producing a test data record, method for testing, method for operating a system, apparatus, control system, computer program product, computer-readable medium, production and use

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for producing a test data record (12) for an algorithm (1), comprising the following steps: 1.1 a trained artificial intelligence (8) is provided, 1.2 the artificial intelligence (8) is stimulated, particularly using a random signal (11) and/or using a quasi linearity property for visual concepts, and 1.3 the artificial intelligence (8) produces at least one test data record (14), which comprises image data (15) and action regions (16) associated with the image data (1g) and/or sensor data and action regions associated with the sensor data. The invention furthermore relates to a method for operating a system for the automated, image-dependent control of a device and an apparatus for carrying out the aforementioned method. Finally, the invention relates to a control system for a device which comprises such an apparatus, and a computer program product, a computer-readable medium, the production of a data storage device and the use of an artificial intelligence (8).

Method for producing a test data record, method for testing, method for operating a system, apparatus, control system, computer program product, computer-readable medium, production and use

The invention relates to a method for generating a test data set for an algorithm and also a method for testing such a test data set. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a system for the automated image-dependent control of a facility and an apparatus for implementing the above-mentioned methods. Finally, the invention relates to a control system for a facility that comprises such an apparatus, a computer program product, a computer-readable medium, the production of a data carrier and the use of an artificial intelligence.

In the field of the development of control software, the testing of software represents a significant part of the development outlay. This is due inter alia to the fact that the design of quality tests is complex and it is difficult and not trivial to detect errors. In particular, the more complex an algorithm that is to be tested, the more complex the tests for this algorithm also are. Above all, it is also difficult to test “comprehensively”, in other words to achieve a required testing coverage.

Algorithms for image processing are associated with the most complex algorithms in computer systems. It is known to the applicant that by way of example algorithms that are used in the field of advanced driver assistance (ADAS) or autonomous vehicle control are subjected to a human inspection by means of testing scenarios that relate to recorded test data sets or “real life tests” take place on test sites or in the real environment.

An inspection can take place against predefined “best case actions” in real video sequences that are recorded in advance and are produced with a high degree of human intervention. Each new test case is produced manually and does not permit any room for randomness in the testing scenario.

The known approaches have in common the fact that both the test data as well as an expected behavior distinguish themselves by a close interaction with a human participant and are accompanied by a difficult integration into an automated testing setup. An expansion of the tests is complex and difficult.

It is furthermore known to the applicant that in the case of some manufacturers, the test phase is even expanded to a period of time following the delivery of the product and test data is collected during monitored autonomous driving procedures in order to improve the algorithms based upon this test data.

Based on this, an object of the present invention is to provide improved possibilities for testing complex image processing algorithms.

This object is achieved by a method for generating at least one test data set for an algorithm that obtains image data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the image data as an output, and/or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data as an output, said method comprising the following steps:

-   -   1.1 a trained artificial intelligence is provided,     -   1.2 the artificial intelligence is stimulated and     -   1.3 the stimulated artificial intelligence generates at least         one test data set that comprises image data and areas of action         that are associated with the image data and/or sensor data and         areas of action that are associated with the sensor data.

In step 1.1, it is preferred that an artificial intelligence is provided that comprises long short-term memory networks or is provided by such networks. Furthermore, it is preferred that in step 1.1 an artificial intelligence is provided that comprises at least one generative network and/or at least one discriminative network or is provided by such a network. Then it is particularly preferred that in step 1.2 at least one generative network of the artificial intelligence is stimulated and in step 1.3 at least one stimulated generative network of the artificial intelligence preferably outputs a test data set. The generative adversarial networks, in particular the at least one generative and/or the at least one discriminative network, are expediently artificial neural networks.

It is to be noted that in principle the terms “system” or “model” can also be used synonymously as an alternative to the expression “network”.

It is preferred that in step 1.1 a trained artificial intelligence is provided that has been conditioned using a learning data set. It is particularly preferred to use a learning data set that comprises real image data that is recorded by means of at least one image capturing facility and areas of action that are associated with the real image data and/or real sensor data that is recorded by means of at least one sensor facility and areas of action that are associated with the real sensor data.

It is particularly preferred that in order to obtain the trained artificial intelligence that is provided in step 1.1, the following steps are implemented:

-   -   2.1 a learning data set is provided that comprises real image         data that is recorded by means of at least one image capturing         facility, and areas of action that are associated with the real         image data and/or real sensor data that is recorded by means of         at least one sensor facility and areas of action that are         associated with the real sensor data,     -   2.2 an artificial intelligence is provided and     -   2.3 the artificial intelligence is conditioned using the         learning data set that is provided.

For the artificial intelligence that is provided in step 1.1 and/or for the artificial intelligence that is provided in step 2.2 it is furthermore preferred that this artificial intelligence comprises adversarial networks, in particular generative adversarial networks or is provided by such networks.

The present invention is based on the consideration to use an artificial intelligence in order to generate image data and/or sensor data and associated areas of action from an initial data set and with which it is possible to inspect algorithms in particular in the field of image-dependent, in particular image sequence-dependent or sensor value-dependent control for the performance of said algorithms or their behavior. In this case, in accordance with the invention a trained artificial intelligence is drawn upon.

The artificial intelligence is preferably conditioned, in other words trained, using a learning data set that has been obtained in particular by observing or recording real situations and by human interaction or has preferably been conditioned/trained using a learning data set that has been obtained in particular by observing or recording real situations and by human interaction and is then ready to generate test data.

The data sets that are generated by means of the trained artificial intelligence represent test data that is obtained in a “synthetic” manner and said test data is identical and realistic in its type and suitability in particular to the learning data set that is provided and is indistinguishable from real data. Artificial intelligence methods are in particular used so as to provide image sequences and the actions that are suitable for said image sequences preferably by generative adversarial networks.

In particular, high-dimensional data is processed for example in the form of image sequences and low dimensional data is processed in the form of areas of action or action corridors that in particular represent impermissible control parameters in order to train a test case generator in order to classify the performance or the behavior of an in particular image-dependent or sensor-value-dependent controlling algorithm. The conditioning is preferably based upon image data and/or sensor data that is supplemented with areas of action as a vectorial numerical series.

The algorithm for which the test data set is intended and which obtains image data as an input, and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the image data as an output is particularly preferably a control algorithm. The algorithm can be in particular an algorithm for controlling a facility, by way of example a vehicle or robot.

The areas of action comprise in an expedient manner in each case at least one permissible action, preferably in each case multiple permissible actions or are provided by these permissible actions. In each case this area is in particular a (desired) area having actions, by way of example control procedures that are permissible for or in the light of the associated image data or sensor data.

The areas of action represent in a preferred embodiment permissible control parameters. The areas of action particularly preferably represent or comprise permissible control parameters for a system for the automated, image-supported control of a facility or are formed by such control parameters.

An area of action comprises by way of example at least one control parameter or control value or is formed or defined by way of example by at least one control parameter or control value. The at least one control parameter or control value can be such a control parameter or control value that represents a permissible (control) action in the light of image data or sensor data that is associated with said control parameter or control value. This is preferably a control value/values or control parameter/parameters for a facility that is controlled in a sensor-dependent or image-dependent manner.

In general, for a provided starting situation that can be or is detected by image data and/or sensor data not only a control parameter or control value is possible/permissible but rather there is an associated desired region that includes a plurality of actions or control values or control parameters that represent these actions. An area of action can be defined or formed accordingly by a plurality of control parameters or control values that lie in a desired region or span such a desired region.

The areas of action represent in particular parameters or values, preferably control parameters or control values, that are permissible in dependence upon the image data or sensor data that these areas of action in each case are associated with. An area of action can be defined by a plurality/a collection of parameters or values, in particular control parameters or control values, that if they are implemented lead to the fact that an operator moves in the (or a permissible) area of action, in particular using a facility, for example a vehicle or robot that is controlled via the algorithm.

An annotated data set having the test information that is required in order to produce further test scenarios is obtained by supplementing the image data and/or sensor data with the areas of action. The individual networks, in particular the generative and adversarial, preferably discriminative network, are preferably conditioned by alternate generation by a generative network and inspection (adversarially) of the generated data, in other words artificial image data and/or sensor data and associated areas of action, by an adversarial, in particular discriminative network.

The pattern of the test data generation, which forms the basis of the invention, is based in this case preferably on the work of Ian Goodfellow et al. which was published in the essay “Generative Adversarial Nets” (GANs), ArXiv: 1406.2661 [statML]661v1, 10 Jan. 2014, and also the work of Alec Redfort et al. in the essay “Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks”, ArXiv: 1511.06434V2 [cs.LG], 7 Jan. 2016, and in particular Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber in the essay “Long Short Term Memory” (LSTM) Neural Computation 9 (8): 1735-1780, 1997.

The trained artificial intelligence is stimulated. The stimulation can be provided in that the artificial intelligence is supplied an input, for example at least one input file. The artificial intelligence generates an output in response to the stimulation, in particular to the supply of an input.

The stimulation of the trained artificial intelligence can in principle be provided in various ways, by way of example using at least one random signal as an input. A random signal can be provided by way of example by an image or an image file that only displays or contains noise.

The stimulation can also be provided using at least one stimulation image, preferably using two or more stimulation images or stimulation image sequences and/or using at least one stimulation video that preferably display specific contents or scenes or situations, by way of example driving situations or driving scenes.

The use of stimulation images (or sequences of such stimulation images) and/or stimulation videos that in particular display real contents, in general offers increased control possibilities compared to the use of random signals.

In particular a GAN approach is used in order to generate data sets from an artificial intelligence application preferably in response to stimulation by a random signal or use of the quasi-linearity property for visual concepts as is disclosed in the above-mentioned publication “Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks” by Alec Redford et al. from the year 2016, in particular FIG. 7 on page 10 of this publication. The generative network or the generative algorithm is used in this case inversely with respect to the conventional approach, which means that in lieu of rendering it possible for the generative network or algorithm to recognize patterns and to classify these patterns, the process is inverted and the system is stimulated by “classification input” for example of a random signal and a new “pattern” is generated. Goodfellow and Redford disclose in their articles from the years 2014 and 2016 that new images are generated in an almost linear operation in the vector space. This means that the algorithm can be more easily tuned in order to generate new sequences.

In particular for the case that for the stimulation the artificial intelligence is supplied with at least one image and/or video (or corresponding file) for the stimulation, and said image and/or video displays/display (real) contents or scenes or situations, it is possible for the artificial intelligence to generate synthetic images or image sequences using or by virtue of a quasi-linearity property for visual concepts.

In this case, “linearity” is to be understood in particular as the superposition principle (image_A+parameter*image_B=image_C). The term “quasi” is in particular to be understood as the fact that new images or stimulation videos are generated from existing individual images (Function_a(image_A)+parameter*function_b (image_B)=image_C, wherein function_a and function_b are non-linear functions.

In a purely exemplary manner it is to be noted that a (synthetic, generated) image that displays the road with or in rain is obtained from an image that displays a road in good weather and an image that displays rain, taking into consideration the quasi-linearity property of visual concepts. If the artificial intelligence is supplied as stimulation images, by way of example an image with a road in good weather and an image with rain, a synthetic image (with an associated area of action) can be obtained that displays the road in rain. It is possible in this manner to obtain inter alia new scenarios from existing images, said new scenarios not being originally displayed in the existing images. It is to be emphasized that the combination of road and rain is to be understood in a purely exemplary manner and obviously also other scenes or situations can be supplied to the artificial intelligence as stimulation images and can naturally also be more than two images.

It is also to be noted that this principle of the above-mentioned approach “Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks” is illustrated in an exemplary manner in FIG. 7 with the aid of images of faces.

Stimulation images and/or stimulation videos can be images or videos that have been recorded by way of example using cameras and display real scenes or situations, for example real driving scenes or driving situations. However, it is also not ruled out that alternatively or in addition constructed or synthetic images and/or videos can be used for the stimulation of the artificial intelligence.

The trained network(s), system(s) or model(s) can be drawn upon so as to generate new data. New image data and/or sensor data and also associated areas of action can be generated using the trained rules by stimulating in particular a generative network of the artificial intelligence.

Generated data can be influenced by simple arithmetical operations in particular by the properties of a GAN. For example, avenue−trees=simple road or also straight road plus curve=chicane.

It is particularly preferred that in lieu of classical convolutional networks, LSTM networks, in particular convolutional LSTM networks, are used both for the generating network or networks as well as for the adversarial network or networks. The advantages of the use of LSTM networks above all lie in the fact that time-dependent sequences (of image data or sensor data and associated areas of action) are obtained and noise effects (nonphysical artefacts) are avoided by LSTM. The term an “LSTM network” is in particular understood to mean a network with which past states are considered. LSTM is a specialization of this type of network. In this manner, it is possible to model the time dependency that in particular image sequences and areas of action or corridors of action require. LSTM networks that can be used within the scope of the present invention are by way of example described in the essay “Long Short Term Memory” (LSTM) neural computation 9 (8): 1735-1780, 1997 by Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber.

The approach is broadened and renders it possible for convolutional LSTM networks to promptly collect recurring past states in order to train the artificial intelligence that in particular comprises a GAN system or is provided by such a system, in other words to obtain image data, in particular image sequences, and/or sensor data, and associated areas of action. This renders it possible to model the dynamic behavior of test scenes.

The approach in accordance with the invention offers diverse advantages. On the one hand, the scope of human interaction or human engagement in the testing of complex algorithms is clearly reduced. Since it is possible without any problems to also provide a particularly large amount of test data, the test coverage of complex algorithms can be significantly increased.

Since it is possible to test in a comprehensive and in-depth manner, it is possible to obtain particularly reliably functioning algorithms, which represents a considerable advantage or is absolutely necessary for the field of image-supported control, such as inter alia within the scope of advanced driver assistance or autonomous driving. The quality and reliability of such systems can be considerably increased as a result and realized with a particularly manageable outlay. One further advantage resides in the fact that test harnesses and test vectors in accordance with the invention are provided in just one preprocessing step.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one test data set is generated for an algorithm that obtains an image sequence as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the image sequence as an output, in particular for an algorithm of a system for autonomous vehicle control or a preferred advanced driver assistance system, wherein in particular in step 2.1 a learning data set is provided which comprises a real image sequence, which has been recorded by means of at least one image capturing facility, and areas of action that are associated with the images of the sequence and that in particular represent permissible control parameters for a system for the automated image-supported control of a facility, and in step 1.3 the stimulated artificial intelligence, in particular at least one generative network of this artificial intelligence, generates at least one test data set that comprises a new image sequence and areas of action that are associated with the new image sequence.

It is to be noted that the approach in accordance with the invention is suitable in particular for the field of advanced driver assistance and also autonomous driving since it is required in these fields that control commands are output in dependence upon image sequences, for example videos, however this invention is in no way limited to these two examples. On the contrary, test data sets can also be generated for algorithms from different fields for example for such algorithms that are used within the scope of an image-supported, automated robot control or automated sorting processes by way of example on a conveyor belt. Algorithms for a control that is not image-supported but rather is based on sensor data can also be tested in accordance with the invention.

It is preferred that original, real image data, in particular image sequences, and/or sensor data and associated areas of action are used as a learning data set in order to condition an artificial intelligence, in particular a GAN system.

Accordingly, it is initially preferred to record at least one image data set, in particular an image sequence, and/or at least one sensor data set, which can be provided by means of extensively known image capturing facilities, of one or multiple cameras or sensor facilities. By way of example, it is possible to draw upon a camera that is provided in a vehicle or on a robot and records while the vehicle is traveling or the robot is operating. The image sequence that is obtained or the video that is obtained then represents in particular a test vector. The areas of action that are associated with the real image data or sensor data are determined and the image data or sensor data and areas of action are allocated to one another and the test data set is obtained. Alternatively to creating a real test data set initially in this manner, it is also possible to gain access to a provided test data set, provided that a suitable test data set is available.

In a next step, the artificial intelligence, in particular a generative network of this artificial intelligence, preferably trains with the real test data and subsequently by way of example can be stimulated using one or multiple random signals in order to generate new image data, in particular image sequences, and/or sensor data and associated areas of action.

This newly obtained, synthetic test data can then be supplied to an algorithm that is to be tested—where applicable in addition to the learning data set—in order to inspect this algorithm.

In particular for the case that at least one test data set is generated for an algorithm of an advanced driver assistance system or for a system for autonomous vehicle control, it is provided in a further preferred embodiment that a learning data set that is provided so as to train the artificial intelligence comprises an image sequence that comprises images of driving situations, and/or that for each image comprises a driving trajectory as an associated area of action and in a preferred embodiment a desired corridor that is associated with the respective driving trajectory and said desired corridor defines a desired region around the driving trajectory.

In one development, moreover in step 1.3 at least one test data set is generated that comprises an image sequence that comprises images of driving situations, and/or that for each image comprises a driving trajectory as an associated area of action and in particular a desired corridor that is associated with the respective driving trajectory and said desired corridor defines a desired region around the driving trajectory.

A further subject matter of the current invention is a method for testing an algorithm comprising the steps:

-   -   9.1 an algorithm that is to be tested is provided and said         algorithm obtains image data as an input and outputs areas of         action that are dependent upon the image data as an output,         and/or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and         outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data         as an output,     -   9.2 the method according to one of the preceding claims is         implemented in order to obtain at least one test data set having         image data and areas of action that are associated with the         image data and/or having sensor data and areas of action that         are associated with the sensor data,     -   9.3 the at least one test data set is provided,     -   9.4 the image data and/or the sensor data of the at least one         test data set is supplied as an input to the algorithm that is         to be tested,     -   9.5 the algorithm is executed and outputs areas of action as an         output,     -   9.6 the areas of action that are output by the algorithm as an         output are compared with the areas of action of the at least one         test data set,     -   9.7 a quality of the tested algorithm is concluded from the         result of the comparison.

In a preferred embodiment, in step 9.1 an algorithm of an advanced driver assistance system or for a system for autonomous vehicle control is provided as an algorithm that is to be tested.

One embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm is characterized by the fact that following the implementation of the steps 9.1 to 9.7, the steps 1.2 and 1.3 of the method in accordance with the invention for generating a test data set are performed again in order to generate at least one further test data set that is different from the previously generated test data set and the at least one further test data set is provided and the steps 9.4 to 9.7 are repeated, in particular in order to test further aspects of the algorithm.

This approach has proven to be particularly effective. It is in particular possible by a repetition or also multiple repetitions of the generative steps to always test new and further aspects of an algorithm that is to be tested.

A yet further subject matter of the present invention is a method for operating a system for the automated, in particular image-dependent and/or sensor-dependent control of a facility, in particular a vehicle or robot, wherein the system comprises at least one image capturing facility, in particular a camera, and/or at least one sensor facility and also one evaluating and control unit and means for controlling the facility, wherein an algorithm is stored or is to be stored in the control and evaluating unit and said algorithm obtains image data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the image data and that in particular represent reliable control parameters as an output, and/or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and as an output outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data and that represent in particular permissible control parameters in which the algorithm is tested while implementing the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm and for the case that the test indicates an insufficient function of the algorithm, the algorithm is adapted in a predetermined manner and the facility is controlled using the algorithm.

The system can be by way of example such a system that is used for autonomous vehicle control or for an in particular advanced driving assistance in vehicles, for example cars.

If a facility, for example a vehicle or a robot, is controlled on the basis of an algorithm that is inspected using at least one test data set that is generated in the manner in accordance with the invention, in particular while implementing the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm, and has been adapted as required, the control can be performed in a particularly reliable manner and the safety of the automated control can be clearly increased.

The method for operating a system for the automated, in particular image-dependent and/or sensor-dependent, control of a facility is characterized in a preferred embodiment by the fact that the system comprises at least one image capturing facility and a sequence of images is captured by means of the at least one image capturing facility of the system, areas of action are allocated to the images of the sequence, and the image sequence having the allocated areas of action is provided as a learning data set in order to train the artificial intelligence, in particular in step 2.1. Alternatively or in addition thereto, it can be provided that the system comprises at least one sensor facility and sensor data is captured by means of the at least one sensor facility of the system, areas of action are allocated to the sensor data, and the sensor data having the allocated areas of action is provided as a learning data set in order to train the artificial intelligence, in particular in step 2.1. Step 2.1 is in particular a first step of the method in accordance with the invention for generating a test data set, which is implemented in step 9.2 of the method in accordance with the invention in order to test an algorithm in order to obtain a test data set.

A further subject matter of the invention is to use a trained artificial intelligence that in particular comprises generative adversarial networks or is provided by such networks in order to generate at least one test data set for an algorithm that obtains image data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the image data and that in particular represent permissible control parameters as an output, and/or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data and that in particular represent permissible control parameters as an output. It is to be noted that all the features that have been described above for the artificial intelligence and/or the at least one test data set can be realized in each case individually or in combination also within the scope of the use in accordance with the invention.

A yet further subject matter of the present invention is an apparatus that is embodied and configured so as to implement the method in accordance with the invention for generating a test data set for an algorithm or for implementing the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm or for implementing the method in accordance with the invention for operating a system for the automated, in particular image-dependent control of a facility.

The apparatus in accordance with the invention preferably comprises at least one processor and in particular one data storage device. The apparatus can comprise by way of example a computer, in particular a PC, or can be embodied as such.

An apparatus in accordance with the invention can also form by way of example part of a control system for a facility, in particular a vehicle or a robot.

Likewise, one subject matter of the invention is a computer program product comprising program code means for implementing the method in accordance with the invention for generating a test data set for an algorithm or for implementing the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm or for implementing the method in accordance with the invention for operating a system for the automated, image-dependent control of a facility.

One subject matter of the invention is also the production of a data carrier on which at least one test data set is stored and said test data set is stored while implementing the method in accordance with the invention for generating at least one test data set.

Finally, one subject matter of the present invention is also a computer-readable medium that comprises instructions that when said instructions are executed on at least one computer, the at least one computer is triggered to implement the steps of the method in accordance with the invention for generating a test data set for an algorithm or the steps of the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm or the steps of the method in accordance with the invention for operating a system for the automated, image-dependent control of a facility.

A computer-readable medium can be provided by way of example in the form of a data carrier, for example a CD-ROM, a DVD or a flash memory or USB storage device. It is to be noted that a computer-readable medium is not to be understood only as a physical medium, but rather such a computer readable medium can also be provided by way of example in the form of a data stream and/or a signal that represents a data stream.

Further features and advantages of the method in accordance with the invention become clear with the aid of the following exemplary description with reference to the attached drawing. In the drawings

FIG. 1 shows a purely schematic representation for the sequence of an exemplary embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm,

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram for the purely schematic illustration of the conditioning of the artificial intelligence,

FIG. 3 shows a purely schematic representation of a learning data set having an image sequence and associated areas of action in the form of associated driving trajectories and corridors,

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram for the purely schematic illustration of the generation of a test data set and the procedure of testing an algorithm, and

FIG. 5 shows a purely schematic representation of three test data sets having in each case an image sequence and associated areas of action in the form of associated driving trajectories and corridors.

FIG. 1 illustrates a purely schematic representation for the sequence of an exemplary embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention for testing an algorithm 1. The steps that are implemented within the scope of the exemplary embodiment are illustrated in this case in the figure in the manner of a block diagram or a plus diagram.

Within the scope of the illustrated exemplary embodiment, in a first step S1 an algorithm 1 that is to be tested is provided, in the present case a control algorithm 1 for autonomous vehicle control. The algorithm 1 for autonomous vehicle control, which is only illustrated in FIG. 4 and therein in a purely schematic manner by a block element, is embodied in such a manner that said algorithm obtains an image sequence in a known manner as an input, specifically a video of the vehicle environment, and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the image sequence as an output and said areas of action represent control parameters for the vehicle that are permissible in dependence upon the respective image of the sequence.

Following the provision of the algorithm 1 in step S1, an exemplary embodiment of a method in accordance with the invention for generating a test data set is implemented.

In this case specifically in step S2, a learning data set 2 is provided that comprises real image data in the form of a real image sequence 3 having a plurality of images 4 that are in chronological correlation and in the present case display multiple recordings of a driving situation. The real image sequence 3 was recorded by means of an image capturing facility that is not illustrated in FIG. 2, specifically a camera that is provided in a vehicle, which is likewise not illustrated, while the vehicle completed a journey.

The learning data set 2 in addition to the image sequence 3 comprises areas of action 5 that are associated with the image sequence and said areas of action 5 in the present exemplary embodiment are provided by driving trajectories 6, which correspond to the respective images 4 of the image sequence 3, and also associated desired corridors 7 for the driving trajectories 6.

FIG. 2 illustrates the learning data set 2 in a purely schematic manner having block elements for the images 4 and areas of action 5, and FIG. 3 includes a likewise schematic illustration of the learning data set 2, in which are illustrated for example nine images 4 and also three in each case associated driving trajectories 6 and desired corridors 7 which form the associated areas of action 5. It is to be noted that the desired corridors 7 define desired regions for the driving trajectories 6. The nine images 4 represent nine points in time that follow one another, which is indicated in FIG. 3 with the disclosure T=1 . . . 9 above the respective image 4.

In one step S3, an artificial intelligence 8 is provided that in the case of the illustrated exemplary embodiment is provided by long short-term memory generative adversarial networks (LSTM-GANs). The LSTM-GANs 8 are provided in the illustrated exemplary embodiment in the form of a long short-term memory generative network 9 and also a long short-term memory discriminative network 10, which is sketched in FIG. 2 in turn in a purely schematic manner by block elements. The architecture of the two networks 9, 10 is as described in the essay “Generative Adversarial Networks” (GANs), ArXiv: 1406.2661 [statML]661v1, 10 Jan. 2014 by Goodfellow et al. In a deviation from this essay, the networks 9, 10 in the present case are not embodied as classical “convolutional” networks as in accordance with this essay but rather as “convolutional” LSTM networks 9, 10, in other words long short-term memory “convolutional” networks 9, 10 as are described in the essay “Long Short Term Memory” (LSTM) by Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber, neural computation 9 (8): 1735-1780, 1997.

In one step S4, the artificial intelligence 8 is conditioned using the learning data set 2 that is provided. In this case, in the case of the example that is described here, as is indicated in FIG. 2 in a purely schematic manner by arrows, the image sequence 3 and areas of action 5 are merged, which is sketched symbolically via a block element having the reference character 11 and is transferred to the LSTM discriminative network 10. The LSTM generating network 9 is stimulated via a stimulation input 12 and the outputs of said LSTM generating network, in other words generated data, are likewise transferred to the LSTM discriminative system 10 which in each case makes a decision correct/incorrect, which is indicated by the block image element that is provided with the reference character 13. The stimulation input 12 can be provided by a random signal. It is also possible that the LSTM generating network 9 starts at zero.

The correct/incorrect decision 13 is in particular the decision as to whether generated data that is output by the generative network 9 corresponds to data of the learning data set that is transferred to the discriminative network 10 or differs from this learning data set or not. The methods of the networks 9, 10 are in particular improved until the generated data that is generated by the generative network 9 is as indistinguishable as possible from the data in accordance with the learning data set 2. In the context of the training of GANs reference is also to be made to the introduction of the essay “Generative Adversarial Networks” (GANs) by Ian Goodfellow et al., ArXiv: 1406.2661 [statML]661v1, 10 Jan. 2014.

Following the conditioning, in a step S5 the generative network 9 of the conditioned artificial intelligence 8 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment is in turn stimulated by means of a random signal 12. This is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4. A random signal 12 can be provided by at least one image or at least one image file that is noisy or only displays noise, wherein this is to be understood in a purely exemplary manner.

New scenarios are generated by a random signal 12 as a response to an instance. Different dimensions are possible for this depending upon the trained construction. This can be considered like noise in television.

Alternatively or in addition to a random signal 12, it is also possible to use at least one stimulation image, preferably two or more stimulation images or sequences having such stimulation images or at least one stimulation video, in particular having real content (by way of example displaying driving situations) as stimulation input 12.

The LSTM generative network 9 that is stimulated generates at least one test data set 14 that comprises a new image sequence 15 and also areas of action 16 that are associated with the new image sequence 15 (step S6). The at least one test data set 14 that is obtained using the conditioned LSTM generative network 9 in the case of the described exemplary embodiment in an analogy to the learning data set 2 comprises an image sequence 15 however having a plurality of synthetically generated images 17, and the areas of action 16 that are provided for each image 17 of the sequence 15 likewise in an analogy to the learning data set 2 in each case comprise an associated driving trajectory 18 and also an associated desired corridor 19. In FIG. 5, this is illustrated again in a purely schematic and exemplary manner for altogether three test data sets 14 that are generated.

Above all for the case that the artificial intelligence is supplied one or multiple stimulation images and/or one or multiple stimulation videos having real content (for example driving situations) as an input signal or input signals for the stimulation procedure, synthetic images can be generated or obtained by virtue of or by taking into consideration or by using a quasi-linearity property for visual concepts. In the context of the quasi-linearity property for visual concepts reference is also made to the essay “Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks” by Alec Redford et al. from the year 2016, in particular FIG. 7 therein on page 10.

In step S7, at least one test data set 14 that is obtained in the manner described above is provided and in step S8 the image sequence 15 is supplied as an input to the algorithm 1 that is to be tested, which is indicated in FIG. 4 in a purely schematic manner by a corresponding arrow that points from the image sequence 15 to the algorithm 1 that is illustrated schematically as a block element.

In step S9, the algorithm 1 is executed and outputs areas of action 20 as an output.

In a step S10, the areas of action 20 that are output by the algorithm 1 as an output are compared with the areas of action 16 of the test data set 14 that is generated by means of the generative network 9. The comparison is illustrated schematically in the figure by a block element that is provided with the reference character 21.

In a step S11, a quality or functionality of the tested algorithm 1 is concluded from the result of the comparison.

For the case that on the basis of the result of the comparison a sufficient quality or functionality of the algorithm 1 that is to be tested can be concluded, the areas of action 20 can be output as correct areas of action 22, which is illustrated in FIG. 4 again in a purely schematic manner by a block image element (step S12).

A vehicle can then be particularly reliably controlled on the basis of the correct areas of action 22 (step S13).

If multiple test data sets 14 have been generated, the image sequences 15 of all the test data sets 14 can be supplied to the algorithm 1 that is to be tested and the areas of action 20 that are output by this algorithm in response to said image sequences can be compared to the areas of action 16 that are associated with the respective image sequence 15, in other words driving trajectories 18 and associated desired corridors 19, of the respective test data set 14 and a conclusion on the quality or functionality of the algorithm 1 can be made. If a plurality of test data sets 14 is generated and used, the algorithm 1 can be tested in a particularly comprehensive manner.

Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred exemplary embodiment, the invention is not limited in this manner by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived by the person skilled in the art from this invention without departing from the protective scope of the invention. 

1. A method for generating at least one test data set (14) for an algorithm (1) that obtains image data (17) as an input and outputs areas of action (16) that are dependent upon the image data as an output, and/or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data as an output, said method comprising the following steps, 1.1 a trained artificial intelligence (8) is provided, 1.2 the artificial intelligence (8) is stimulated and 1.3 the stimulated artificial intelligence (8) generates at least one test data set (14) that comprises image data (15) and areas of action (16) that are associated with the image data (15), and/or sensor data and areas of action that are associated with the sensor data.
 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in order to obtain the trained artificial intelligence that is provided in step 1.1, the following steps are implemented: 2.1 a learning data set (2) is provided that comprises real image data (3) that is recorded by means of at least one image capturing facility, and areas of action (5) that are associated with the real image data (3), and/or real sensor data that is recorded by means of at least one sensor facility, and areas of action that are associated with the real sensor data, 2.2 an artificial intelligence is provided and 2.3 the artificial intelligence (8) is conditioned using the learning data set (2) that is provided.
 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that in step 2.1 a learning data set (2) is provided that comprises a real image sequence (3), which has been recorded by means of at least one image capturing facility, and areas of action (5) that are associated with the images (4) of the sequence (3), and in step 1.3 the stimulated artificial intelligence (8) generates at least one test data set (14) that comprises a new image sequence (15) and areas of action (16) that are associated with the new image sequence (15), and/or that in step 2.1 a learning data set (2) having a real image sequence (3) is provided, and the areas of action (5) of the learning data set (2) for each image (4) of the image sequence (3) comprise at least one control parameter or values that represent these control parameters and comprises an associated desired region for each at least one control parameter or value that represents this control parameter.
 4. The method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one test data set (15) is generated for an algorithm (1) of an advanced driver assistance system or for a system for autonomous vehicle control, and the learning data set (2) that is provided comprises an image sequence (3) that comprises images of driving situations, and/or that for each image (4) comprises a driving trajectory (6) as an associated area of action (5).
 5. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one test data set (14) is generated for an algorithm (1) that obtains an image sequence (17) as an input and outputs areas of action (16) that are dependent upon the image sequence (17) as an output.
 6. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step 1.3 at least one test data set (12) is generated that comprises an image sequence (15) that comprises images (17) of driving situations, and/or that for each image (17) comprises a driving trajectory (18) as an associated area of action (16).
 7. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step 1.1 an artificial intelligence (8) is provided that comprises long short-term memory networks (9, 10) or is provided by such networks.
 8. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step 1.1 an artificial intelligence (8) is provided that comprises at least one generative network (9) and/or at least one discriminative network (10) or is provided by such a network.
 9. A method for testing an algorithm (1), comprising the steps: 9.1 an algorithm (1) that is to be tested is provided and said algorithm obtains image data (15) as an input and outputs areas of action (20) that are dependent upon the image data (15) as an output, and/or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data as an output, 9.2 the method according to one of the preceding claims is implemented in order to obtain at least one test data set (14) having image data (15) and areas of action (16) that are associated with the image data (15) and/or having sensor data and areas of action that are associated with the sensor data, 9.3 the at least one test data set (14) is provided, 9.4 the image data (15) and/or the sensor data of the at least one test data set (14) is supplied as an input to the algorithm (1) that is to be tested, 9.5 the algorithm (1) is executed and outputs areas of action (20) as an output, 9.6 the areas of action (20) that are output by the algorithm as an output are compared with the areas of action (16) of the at least one test data set (14), 9.7 a quality of the tested algorithm (1) is concluded from the result of the comparison (21).
 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that following the implementation of the steps 9.1 to 9.7 the steps 1.2 and 1.3 of the method for generating at least one test data set (14) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8 are performed again in order to generate at least one further test data set (14) that is different from the previously generated test data set (14) and the at least one further test data set (14) is provided and the steps 9.4 to 9.7 are repeated.
 11. The method for operating a system for the automated control of a facility, wherein the system comprises at least one image capturing facility and/or at least one sensor facility, and also an evaluating and control unit and means for controlling the facility, wherein an algorithm (1) is stored or is to be stored in the control and evaluating unit and said algorithm obtains image data (17) as an input and outputs areas of action (16) that are dependent upon the image data as an output or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data as an output, in which the algorithm (1) is tested while implementing the method as claimed in claim 9 or 10 and for the case that the test indicates an insufficient function of the algorithm (1), the algorithm (1) is adapted in a predetermined manner and the facility is controlled using the algorithm (1).
 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the system comprises at least one image capturing facility and a sequence (3) of images (4) is captured by means of the at least one image capturing facility of the system, areas of action (5) are allocated to the images (4) of the sequence (3), and the image sequence (3) having the allocated areas of action (5) is provided as the learning data set (2) in order to train the artificial intelligence (8), and/or the system comprises at least one sensor facility and sensor data is captured by means of the at least one sensor facility of the system, areas of action are allocated to the sensor data and the sensor data having the allocated areas of action is provided as a learning data set in order to train the artificial intelligence (8).
 13. Use of a trained artificial intelligence (8) for generating at least one test data set for an algorithm (1) that obtains image data (17) as an input and outputs areas of action (16) that are dependent upon the image data as an output, and/or said algorithm obtains sensor data as an input and outputs areas of action that are dependent upon the sensor data as an output.
 14. Production of a data carrier on which is stored at least one test data set that has been obtained while implementing the method as claimed in one of claims 1 to
 8. 15. An apparatus that is embodied and configured so as to implement the method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8 or as claimed in one of claims 9 to 10 or as claimed in one of claims 11 to
 12. 16. A computer program product comprising program code means for implementing the method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8 or as claimed in one of claims 9 to 10 or as claimed in one of claims 11 to
 12. 17. A computer readable medium that comprises instructions that if they are implemented on at least one computer, the at least one computer is triggered to implement the steps of the method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8 or as claimed in one of claims 9 to 10 or as claimed in one of claims 11 to
 12. 